Quick warp-up of determining the iowait. You can use number of commands to determine the iowait.
1.TOP
root@SOLG:~# top last pid: 1823; load avg: 0.01, 0.04, 0.08; up 140+02:17:37 20:27:42 96 processes: 95 sleeping, 1 on cpu CPU states: 93.1% idle, 2.9% user, 3.9% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap Kernel: 332 ctxsw, 244 trap, 533 intr, 2023 syscall, 241 flt Memory: 952M phys mem, 107M free mem, 1024M total swap, 1024M free swap
Check the “iowait” field.This value should be less than 2 or 3.
2. iostat -x
root@SOLG:~# iostat -xn
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
1.6 1.1 43.3 13.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 43.2 0 3 c8t0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c7t0d0
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.7 0 0 c8t1d0
root@SOLG:~#
Here You need to look at “wait” field .
3.sar -d 1 5
root@SOLG:/usr# sar -d 5 5
SunOS SOLG 5.11 11.1 i86pc 11/29/2013
20:38:43 device %busy avque r+w/s blks/s avwait avserv
20:38:48 ata1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
iscsi0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
mpt0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
scsi_vhc 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,a 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,b 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,h 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,i 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,q 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd0,r 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2,a 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2,h 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2,i 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2,q 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
sd2,r 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
Here you need to look at the “avwait” .
Now we will come to the subject.
I don’t have any direct command or simple loop to determine which process are making the IOWAIT. But You can download the small dtrace script which will help you on this.This script is designed to highlight processes that are causing the most disk I/O.This version of psio uses DTrace (Solaris 10 & 11).
Download the script and copy to /var/tmp. Modify the permission as 700 (only for root).
PSIO10 Download Here
WARNING:psio may use a large amount of memory if long samples are used on busy systems.
Website:http://www.brendangregg.com/psio.html
1.The script name is psio10. Here is the help command output.
root@SOLG:~# ./psio10 -h
psio10 ver 0.71
USAGE: psio10 [-efhmnx] [seconds]
psio10 [-efhnx] -i infile
psio10 -o outfile [seconds]
eg,
psio10 5 # 5 second sample
psio10 -x # extended output, %I/Ot %I/Os %I/Oc %CPU and %MEM
psio10 -e # event listing (raw and verbose)
psio10 --help # print full help
root@SOLG:~#
2.I have initiated IO using cp command.Let’s see how the dtrace script is pulling the necessary info.
root@SOLG:~# ./psio10 5
UID PID PPID %I/O STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1888 1780 15.5 22:01:41 pts/2 00:25 cp -R adm apache2
root 5 0 11.6 Jul 12 ? 00:30 zpool-rpool
root 0 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:01 sched
root 1 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 /usr/sbin/init
root 2 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 pageout
root 3 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:11 fsflush
root 6 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:06 kmem_task
root 7 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 intrd
root 8 0 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 vmtasks
root 11 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:03 /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd
root 13 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:13 /lib/svc/bin/svc.configd
netcfg 40 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 /lib/inet/netcfgd
root 46 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:01 /usr/sbin/dlmgmtd
daemon 69 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:01 /lib/crypto/kcfd
netadm 92 1 0.0 Jul 12 ? 00:00 /lib/inet/ipmgmtd
That;s great. You can see cp command process on the top and iowait is 15.5 for that process. Here you need to ignore zpool process id.Because zpool is process for ZFS which writes the data into the disk.
3.For extended output,use -“x”
root@SOLG:~# ./psio10 -x
UID PID %CPU %I/Ot %I/Os %I/Oc %MEM S TIME CMD
root 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 00:01 sched
root 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 S 00:00 /usr/sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:00 pageout
root 3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:11 fsflush
root 5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:31 zpool-rpool
root 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:06 kmem_task
root 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:00 intrd
root 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S 00:00 vmtasks
root 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 S 00:03 /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd
root 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 S 00:13 /lib/svc/bin/svc.configd
netcfg 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 S 00:00 /lib/inet/netcfgd
root 46 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 S 00:01 /usr/sbin/dlmgmtd
daemon 69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 S 00:02 /lib/crypto/kcfd
4. Understanding of fields.
FIELDS:
%I/O %I/O by time taken - duration of disk operation over
available time (most useful field)
%I/Ot same as above
%I/Os %I/O by size - number of bytes transferred over total bytes
in sample
%I/Oc %I/O by count - number of operations over total operations
in sample
IOTIME Time taken for I/O (ms)
IOSIZE Size of I/O (bytes)
IOCOUNT Count of I/O (number of operations)
DEVICE Device number or mount point name, eg "/var".
BLOCK Block address on disk
INODE Inode number
5.Here is some more information about psio.
psio10 # default "ps -ef" style output, 1 second sample
psio10 5 # sample for 5 seconds
psio10 -e # event listing (raw and verbose)
psio10 -f # full device output, print lines per device
psio10 -h # print usage
psio10 --help # print full help
psio10 -i infile # read from infile (a psio dump)
psio10 -n # numbered output, Time(ms) Size(bytes) and Count
psio10 -o outfile # write to outfile (create a psio dump)
psio10 -s # reduced output, PID, %I/O and CMD only
psio10 -x # extended output, %I/Ot %I/Os %I/Oc %CPU and %MEM
There is no doubt psio10 will make our job easier. Hope you will also use it .
If you are running with Solaris 11, then you can use inbuilt command to find what process are making high I/O.
root@UAAIS:~# /usr/dtrace/DTT/rwtop -Z 10 10
Tracing... Please wait.
2013 Dec 26 09:34:16, load: 2.24, app_r: 0 KB, app_w: 0 KB
ZONE PID PPID CMD D BYTES
0 104 1 in.mpathd R 1
0 104 1 in.mpathd W 1
0 8167 8166 sshd R 25
0 8167 8166 sshd W 68
2013 Dec 26 09:34:26, load: 1.93, app_r: 4 KB, app_w: 0 KB
ZONE PID PPID CMD D BYTES
0 8167 8166 sshd R 369
0 8167 8166 sshd W 420
0 1169 1 vmtoolsd R 4314
2013 Dec 26 09:34:36, load: 1.64, app_r: 0 KB, app_w: 0 KB
ZONE PID PPID CMD D BYTES
0 104 1 in.mpathd R 1
0 104 1 in.mpathd W 1
0 179 1 utmpd R 4
0 8167 8166 sshd R 312
0 8167 8166 sshd W 356
2013 Dec 26 09:34:46, load: 1.39, app_r: 0 KB, app_w: 0 KB
ZONE PID PPID CMD D BYTES
0 8167 8166 sshd R 426
0 8167 8166 sshd W 468
2013 Dec 26 09:34:56, load: 1.27, app_r: 4 KB, app_w: 0 KB
ZONE PID PPID CMD D BYTES
0 104 1 in.mpathd R 1
0 104 1 in.mpathd W 1
0 8167 8166 sshd R 255
0 8167 8166 sshd W 308
0 1476 1 gnome-settings-d R 381
0 1169 1 vmtoolsd R 4314
^C
root@UAAIS:~#
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